What Is an ISP? (Internet Service Provider Explained)

An ISP (Internet Service Provider) is a company or organization that provides access to the internet. It delivers connectivity through various technologies — such as fiber-optic cables, DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), satellite, cellular networks, or wireless broadband. You can instantly check who is my ISP using our ISP lookup tool.

Understanding Internet Service Providers

Every time you connect to the internet — whether from home, a café, or your smartphone — you're connected through an ISP. To identify which provider you're using, you can easily check using Who is my ISP. You can also view detailed information about my IP address and learn more about IP addresses.

Core Functions of an ISP

An ISP does far more than just give you internet access. It forms the backbone of your online connectivity:

  • Internet Access — Provides physical or wireless access to the internet backbone
  • IP Address Allocation — Assigns unique IPv4 or IPv6 addresses to devices
  • DNS Resolution — Translates domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses
  • Routing and Peering — Connects to other ISPs through internet exchange points (IXPs)
  • Email and VoIP Services — Some ISPs offer email hosting, VoIP, or cloud storage
  • Network Security — Includes firewalls, antivirus, and DDoS protection for enterprise clients

Related Entities: Internet backbone, IPv4, IPv6, DNS, IXP, DDoS mitigation, routing protocols (BGP, OSPF)

Types of Internet Service Providers

ISPs can be classified based on infrastructure ownership, scale, and service type.

1. Tier 1 ISPs

Tier 1 ISPs operate global backbone infrastructure and have direct peering agreements with other Tier 1 providers (no transit fees).

Examples: AT&T, Verizon, Lumen Technologies (CenturyLink), NTT Communications, Telia Carrier

Entities: Internet backbone, global routing, AS numbers, BGP peers

2. Tier 2 ISPs

Regional or national providers that buy transit from Tier 1 ISPs but peer locally. Commonly serve businesses and ISPs in specific regions.

Examples: Comcast Business, Cox Communications, Charter Spectrum, British Telecom (BT)

Entities: Regional ISP, upstream providers, peering exchanges

3. Tier 3 ISPs (Retail ISPs)

Provide internet directly to end users (residential and small business). Purchase bandwidth from Tier 2 or Tier 1 ISPs.

Examples: Xfinity, Spectrum, Verizon Fios, Frontier, T-Mobile Home Internet

Entities: Last-mile delivery, residential broadband, cable modem, FTTH

4. Mobile ISPs

Offer cellular data connectivity via 4G LTE, 5G, and satellite networks.

Examples: T-Mobile, AT&T, Verizon Wireless, Mint Mobile, Visible, Google Fi

Entities: 5G NR, LTE, mobile core network, eSIM, MVNO

5. Satellite ISPs

Provide internet access to rural or remote regions via orbiting satellites.

Examples: Starlink (SpaceX), HughesNet, Viasat

Entities: LEO (Low Earth Orbit), Ka-band, geostationary orbit, SpaceX, ground stations

6. Wireless ISPs (WISPs)

Use radio frequencies (RF) and microwave transmission for fixed wireless broadband.

Entities: Point-to-point (P2P), line-of-sight (LOS), wireless bridge, antenna sectors

7. Hosting and Data Center ISPs

Provide dedicated servers, VPS hosting, colocation, and data center connectivity.

Examples: MonoVM, 1Gbits, DigitalOcean, OVH, Hetzner, Linode, Vultr

Entities: Data center, KVM, hypervisor, ASN registration, bandwidth provider

Top Internet Service Providers in the USA (2025)

Here's a quick overview of the most prominent ISPs serving U.S. households and businesses:

ISP Name Type Primary Technology Coverage Area
Comcast Xfinity Tier 3 (Retail) Cable / Fiber 39 states
AT&T Internet / Fiber Tier 1 + Mobile Fiber / DSL / 5G 21 states
Spectrum (Charter) Tier 2 Cable / Fiber 41 states
Verizon Fios Tier 1 + Retail Fiber / 5G East Coast
T-Mobile Home Internet Mobile ISP 5G / LTE Nationwide
Starlink (SpaceX) Satellite ISP LEO Satellite Nationwide
Frontier Communications Tier 3 Fiber / DSL 25 states
Cox Communications Tier 2 Cable 18 states

Entities: broadband coverage, FCC, fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), DOCSIS, LEO constellations

Why ISPs Matter

ISPs form the digital backbone of modern society. They not only connect billions of people but also power:

  • Cloud computing
  • E-commerce platforms
  • Video streaming networks
  • VPN services
  • Gaming servers
  • Remote work environments

Choosing a reliable ISP ensures faster speeds, lower latency, and consistent uptime.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What does ISP stand for?

ISP stands for Internet Service Provider — a company that supplies users with internet connectivity through wired or wireless means.

2. How can I find out who my ISP is?

Use Who is my ISP. It automatically detects your provider, IP address, and connection type without requiring any installation.

3. What's the difference between Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 ISPs?

  • Tier 1: Own global backbone, connect to other ISPs freely
  • Tier 2: Buy transit from Tier 1s, peer regionally
  • Tier 3: Provide last-mile internet to end users

4. What is a mobile ISP?

A mobile ISP offers data connectivity via cellular networks (4G LTE, 5G). Examples: T-Mobile, Verizon Wireless, AT&T Mobility.

5. How is a satellite ISP different from a cable or fiber ISP?

A satellite ISP uses orbiting satellites to deliver data, ideal for remote areas. Fiber and cable ISPs use underground cables, offering higher bandwidth and lower latency.

6. Which are the fastest ISPs in the USA (2025)?

Based on average speed test data:

  • Google Fiber – Up to 2 Gbps
  • Xfinity Fiber – Up to 1.2 Gbps
  • Verizon Fios – Symmetrical gigabit
  • AT&T Fiber – Up to 5 Gbps

7. What's the role of DNS in an ISP connection?

ISPs use DNS servers to resolve domain names into IP addresses. Changing DNS (e.g., to Cloudflare DNS 1.1.1.1) can sometimes improve speed and privacy.

8. Can I switch ISPs easily?

Yes. You can:

  • Compare regional ISPs
  • Check coverage maps
  • Use tools like Who is my ISP to confirm your current provider before changing

Summary

An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is your gateway to the digital world, powering everything from web browsing to video streaming. Whether it's a fiber giant like AT&T, a satellite innovator like Starlink, or a wireless carrier like T-Mobile, understanding how ISPs work helps you choose smarter — and troubleshoot faster.

Before any speed test or network optimization, start by discovering your current ISP using Who is my ISP.

Discover Your Internet Service Provider

Want to know who provides your internet? Use our free tool to instantly identify your ISP, IP address, and connection details.